IL-1 β (AF)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in response to inflammatory agents by a variety of cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendric cells (DCs). IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha are two distinct and independently regulated gene products that comprise IL-1 and signal through the Type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Although IL-1 alpha is cell associated and IL-1 beta is secreted, they have nearly identical biological activity in that they induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, and play a role in arthritis and septic shock. Signaling activated by the IL-1R1 promotes these activities through a MYD88 signaling pathway similar to those associated with Toll receptors. Recombinant human IL-1 beta is a non-glycosylated single chain.